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Persiahaus

Poetryشعر

Persian poetry in the original, beside an English translation, in two collections: The Greats, the classical canon, and Contemporary, the modern masters and poets writing now. Every poem comes with a short note for newcomers, and every translator is named.

The Greatsبزرگان

The classical canon, from Ferdowsi in the tenth century to Hafez in the fourteenth: the poets every Persian speaker grows up with, in chronological order.

Read The Greats
Stylised portrait of Ferdowsi in profile, long white beard and white turban, holding the open Shahnameh under a crown

Ferdowsi

فردوسی

c. 940–1020 · Tus, Khorasan

The poet of the Shahnameh, the national epic of Iran, credited with keeping the Persian language and its old stories alive.

Known for: The Shahnameh (Book of Kings)

Stylised portrait of Omar Khayyam in profile, short dark beard and saffron turban, beside an astrolabe under a starry night sky

Omar Khayyam

خیام

1048–1131 · Nishapur

Mathematician and astronomer of Nishapur, known to the world for quatrains on time, wine and doubt.

Known for: The Rubaiyat (quatrains)

Stylised portrait of Nezami Ganjavi in profile, dark beard and white turban, beside five coloured discs for the five poems of his Khamsa

Nezami Ganjavi

نظامی گنجوی

c. 1141–c. 1209 · Ganja

The master of the Persian verse romance, whose Khamsa gave the world Layli and Majnun and Khosrow and Shirin.

Known for: The Khamsa (Quintet)

Stylised portrait of Attar in profile, grey beard and red turban, beside a hoopoe and two apothecary flasks

Attar

عطار

c. 1145–c. 1221 · Nishapur

Druggist of Nishapur and author of The Conference of the Birds, the great allegory of the soul's journey.

Known for: The Conference of the Birds

Stylised portrait of Rumi in profile, dark beard and the tall felt hat of the Mevlevi, beside a reed flute

Rumi

مولانا

1207–1273 · Balkh to Konya

Jalal al-Din, called Mowlana in Iran, the mystic poet of Konya and one of the most read poets in any language.

Known for: The Masnavi and the Divan of Shams

Stylised portrait of Saadi in profile, long pale beard and white turban, holding a rose

Saadi

سعدی

c. 1210–1291 · Shiraz

The moralist of Shiraz, whose Golestan has taught Persian prose to every generation since.

Known for: The Golestan and the Bustan

Stylised portrait of Hafez in profile, short dark beard and turquoise turban, with a cypress, an open book and a cup of wine

Hafez

حافظ

c. 1315–1390 · Shiraz

The supreme master of the ghazal, whose Divan is found in nearly every Iranian home.

Known for: The Divan

Contemporaryمعاصر

Modern Persian poetry, from Nima Yushij's break with tradition in 1922 to poets writing now, in Iran and the diaspora. This work is in copyright, so we publish it only with permission, and we welcome submissions from living poets.

Read Contemporary

Iraj Mirza

ایرج میرزا

1874–1926 · Tabriz; Tehran

A Qajar prince who brought everyday speech, wit and a sharp social eye into Persian verse at the turn of the 20th century.

Known for: Aref-nameh (The Book of Aref)

Zhaleh Qaem-Maqami

ژاله قائم‌مقامی

1883–1947 · Farahan; Tehran

A woman of the old Qajar elite who wrote, in private and in classical forms, about marriage and a woman's lot. Most of it was read only after her death.

Known for: Her Divan, published in 1966

Mohammad-Taqi Bahar

محمدتقی بهار

1886–1951 · Mashhad; Tehran

The last great classical poet of Iran: poet laureate, constitutionalist, journalist, politician and the founder of modern Persian stylistics.

Known for: Malek-osh-Sho'ara, the last poet laureate

Nima Yushij

نیما یوشیج

1897–1960 · Yush, Mazandaran; Tehran

The father of modern Persian poetry, who loosened the rules of line and rhyme that had held for a thousand years.

Known for: Afsaneh (Legend), 1922

Shahriar

شهریار

1906–1988 · Tabriz; Tehran

Master of the modern ghazal in Persian and author of the best-loved poem in Azerbaijani Turkish. Iran's National Poetry Day marks his death.

Known for: Heydar Babaya Salam (Greetings to Heydar Baba), 1954

Parvin E'tesami

پروین اعتصامی

1907–1941 · Tabriz; Tehran

The most celebrated woman poet of early modern Iran, whose debate poems give voice to the poor, the orphaned and the overlooked.

Known for: Her Divan, 1935

Khalilullah Khalili

خلیل‌الله خلیلی

1907–1987 · Kabul; Islamabad

Afghanistan's foremost Persian poet of the 20th century: courtier, historian, diplomat and, at the end, an exile.

Known for: The leading classical poet of 20th-century Afghanistan

Ahmad Shamlou

احمد شاملو

1925–2000 · Tehran

Poet, translator and editor who freed Persian verse from metre altogether.

Known for: Fresh Air (Hava-ye Taze), 1957

Fereydoun Moshiri

فریدون مشیری

1926–2000 · Tehran

One of the most widely read poets of modern Iran, whose gentle love poems kept a foot in both the old music and the new.

Known for: Kucheh (The Alley)

Simin Behbahani

سیمین بهبهانی

1927–2014 · Tehran

She renewed the ghazal with new metres and the subjects of modern life, and was called the lioness of Iran.

Known for: Renewing the ghazal

Siavash Kasraei

سیاوش کسرایی

1927–1996 · Isfahan; Tehran; Vienna

Poet of Arash the Archer, who retold an ancient Iranian legend of sacrifice in the new verse of Nima.

Known for: Arash-e Kamangir (Arash the Archer), 1959

Sohrab Sepehri

سهراب سپهری

1928–1980 · Kashan

Painter and poet of Kashan, whose quiet, luminous lines are among the most loved in modern Persian.

Known for: The Footsteps of Water (Seda-ye Pa-ye Ab), 1965

Hushang Ebtehaj (Sayeh)

هوشنگ ابتهاج (سایه)

1928–2022 · Rasht; Tehran; Germany

Writing as Sayeh, he was the great master of the ghazal in the 20th century and an editor of Hafez.

Known for: The modern ghazal

Mehdi Akhavan-Sales

مهدی اخوان ثالث

1929–1990 · Mashhad; Tehran

The poet of Winter, who fused the grandeur of Khorasani classical verse with Nima's new forms and a deep sense of loss.

Known for: Zemestan (Winter), 1956

Forough Farrokhzad

فروغ فرخ‌زاد

1934–1967 · Tehran

The boldest voice of her generation, who wrote a woman's inner life with a frankness Persian poetry had not heard.

Known for: Another Birth (Tavallodi Digar), 1964

Tahereh Saffarzadeh

طاهره صفارزاده

1936–2008 · Sirjan; Tehran

A poet who went from the international avant-garde of the 1960s to a poetry of faith, and translated the Qur'an into English and Persian.

Known for: Safar-e Panjom (The Fifth Journey), 1977

Mohammad-Reza Shafiei Kadkani

محمدرضا شفیعی کدکنی

born 1939 · Kadkan, Khorasan; Tehran

Poet under the name M. Sereshk and the most influential scholar of Persian literature of his generation.

Known for: Poetry as M. Sereshk; scholarship on Persian poetics and Sufi poetry

Loiq Sher-Ali

لایق شیرعلی

1941–2000 · Panjakent; Dushanbe

Tajikistan's best-loved modern poet, who made the Persian language and its classical heritage his great theme.

Known for: Poems in praise of the Persian language

Qeysar Aminpour

قیصر امین‌پور

1959–2007 · Gotvand, Khuzestan; Tehran

The leading poet of the generation that came of age with the revolution and the war, and a master of short, clear lines.

Known for: Dastur-e Zaban-e Eshq (The Grammar of Love), 2007

Nadia Anjuman

نادیا انجمن

1980–2005 · Herat

A young poet of Herat whose one book, of ghazals written under and after the Taliban, made her a symbol of Afghan women's writing.

Known for: Gul-e Dudi (Dark Red Flower), 2005

All poemsشعرها

Every poem we have published, Persian beside English, each with a note for newcomers.

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

بلبلی برگ گلی خوش رنگ در منقار داشت

و اندر آن برگ و نوا خوش ناله‌های زار داشت

A nightingale held in its beak a rose petal of lovely colour,

and with that petal and its song it made sweet, piteous laments.

A nightingale held a rose petal

Hafez · حافظ

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

ستاره ای بدرخشید و ماه مجلس شد

دل رمیده ما را رفیق و مونس شد

A star shone out and became the moon of the gathering,

became friend and companion to our startled heart.

A star shone out

Hafez · حافظ

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

سحر بلبل حکایت با صبا کرد

که عشق روی گل با ما چه‌ها کرد

At dawn the nightingale told its tale to the east wind:

"See what love for the rose's face has done to us!"

At dawn the nightingale told the breeze

Hafez · حافظ

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

دوش وقت سحر از غصه نجاتم دادند

واندر آن ظلمت شب آب حیاتم دادند

Last night, at dawn, they set me free from sorrow,

and in that darkness of night they gave me the water of life.

At dawn they set me free

Hafez · حافظ

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

شراب تلخ می خواهم که مردافکن بود زورش

که تا یک دم بیاسایم ز دنیا و شر و شورش

I want a bitter wine whose strength can throw a man,

so that for one moment I may rest from the world, its evil and its uproar.

Bitter wine to fell a man

Hafez · حافظ

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

صبا به لطف بگو آن غزال رعنا را

که سر به کوه و بیابان تو داده ای ما را

O east wind, tell that graceful gazelle, gently,

that it is you who sent us out to the mountains and the desert.

Breeze, tell that graceful gazelle

Hafez · حافظ

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

صوفی بیا که آینه صافیست جام را

تا بنگری صفای می لعل فام را

Come, Sufi, for the cup has become a clear mirror,

so that you may see the clarity of the ruby-coloured wine.

Come, Sufi, the cup is a clear mirror

Hafez · حافظ

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

بیا تا گل برافشانیم و می در ساغر اندازیم

فلک را سقف بشکافیم و طرحی نو دراندازیم

Come, let us scatter roses and pour wine into the cup;

let us split the roof of heaven and lay down a new design.

Come, let us scatter roses

Hafez · حافظ

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

بیا که قصر امل سخت سست بنیادست

بیار باده که بنیاد عمر بر بادست

Come, for the palace of hope has a very weak foundation;

bring wine, for the foundation of life is on the wind.

Come, the palace of hope is frail

Hafez · حافظ

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

زلف آشفته و خوی کرده و خندان لب و مست

پیرهن چاک و غزل خوان و صراحی در دست

Curls dishevelled, flushed with sweat, lips laughing and drunk,

shirt torn open, singing a ghazal, a flask of wine in hand,

Curls dishevelled, flushed and laughing

Hafez · حافظ

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

عیب رندان مکن ای زاهد پاکیزه سرشت

که گناه دگران بر تو نخواهند نوشت

Do not find fault with the rends, O ascetic of pure nature,

for the sins of others will not be written against you.

Do not fault the rends

Hafez · حافظ

Masnavi · 13th centuryDraft

از جمادی مردم و نامی شدم

وز نما مردم به حیوان برزدم

I died as a mineral and became a plant;

I died as a plant and rose to the animal;

From Mineral to Angel

Rumi · مولانا

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

مژده ای دل که دگر باد صبا بازآمد

هدهد خوش خبر از طرف سبا بازآمد

Good news, O heart: the east wind has come back again;

the hoopoe of glad tidings has returned from Sheba.

Good news: the east wind has returned

Hafez · حافظ

Rubai · 11th–12th centuryDraft

هر سبزه که برکنار جویی رسته است

گویی ز لب فرشته خویی رسته است

Every blade of grass that grows beside a stream

seems to have sprung from the lip of one with an angel’s nature;

Grass by the Stream

Omar Khayyam · خیام

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

خوشا شیراز و وضع بی مثالش

خداوندا نگه دار از زوالش

Happy Shiraz, and its matchless setting!

O Lord, keep it from decline.

Happy Shiraz

Hafez · حافظ

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

گفتم غم تو دارم گفتا غمت سر آید

گفتم که ماه من شو گفتا اگر برآید

I said, "I grieve for you." Came the reply: "Your grief will end."

I said, "Be my moon." Came the reply: "If it should rise."

I said, I grieve for you

Hafez · حافظ

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

اگر آن ترک شیرازی به دست آرد دل ما را

به خال هندویش بخشم سمرقند و بخارا را

If that Turk of Shiraz takes my heart into her hand,

for her dark mole I would give away Samarkand and Bukhara.

If that Shirazi Turk

Hafez · حافظ

Masnavi · 13th centuryDraft

به نام خداوند جان‌آفرین

حکیم سخن در زبان‌آفرین

In the name of the Lord who creates the soul,

the Wise One who creates speech upon the tongue;

In the Name of the Creator of Souls

Saadi · سعدی

Epic · 10th–11th centuryDraft

به نام خداوند جان و خرد

کزین برتر اندیشه برنگذرد

In the name of the Lord of soul and wisdom,

beyond whom thought can rise no higher;

In the Name of the Lord of Soul and Wisdom

Ferdowsi · فردوسی

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

در ازل پرتو حسنت ز تجلی دم زد

عشق پیدا شد و آتش به همه عالم زد

In pre-eternity the ray of Your beauty breathed forth in radiance;

love appeared, and set fire to the whole world.

In the beginning, Your beauty's ray

Hafez · حافظ

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

یوسف گم گشته بازآید به کنعان غم مخور

کلبه احزان شود روزی گلستان غم مخور

Lost Joseph will come back to Canaan — do not grieve;

the hut of sorrows will one day be a rose garden — do not grieve.

Lost Joseph will return

Hafez · حافظ

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

رواق منظر چشم من آشیانه توست

کرم نما و فرود آ که خانه خانه توست

The portico of my eye's gazing-place is your nest:

be gracious and come down, for this house is your house.

My eye is your nest

Hafez · حافظ

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

دل می رود ز دستم صاحب دلان خدا را

دردا که راز پنهان خواهد شد آشکارا

My heart is slipping from my hand; O you who have hearts, for God's sake!

Alas, the hidden secret will become plain.

My heart slips from my hand

Hafez · حافظ

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

در همه دیر مغان نیست چو من شیدایی

خرقه جایی گرو باده و دفتر جایی

In all the monastery of the magi there is none so frenzied as I:

my cloak in pawn for wine in one place, my book in another.

None so frenzied in the tavern of the magi

Hafez · حافظ

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

کنون که بر کف گل جام باده صاف است

به صد هزار زبان بلبلش در اوصاف است

Now that in the rose's hand there is a cup of clear wine,

the nightingale with a hundred thousand tongues sings its praises.

Now the rose holds a cup

Hafez · حافظ

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

ای پادشه خوبان داد از غم تنهایی

دل بی تو به جان آمد وقت است که بازآیی

O king of the fair, justice! against the grief of solitude:

without you my heart is at its last breath; it is time you came back.

O king of the fair

Hafez · حافظ

Ghazal · 13th centuryDraft

ماه رمضان آمد ای یار قمر سیما

بربند سر سفره بگشای ره بالا

The month of Ramadan has come, O friend with the face of the moon:

tie up the table-cloth and open the way that leads above.

Ramadan Has Come

Rumi · مولانا

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

روز وصل دوستداران یاد باد

یاد باد آن روزگاران یاد باد

Remember the day of union with the friends; remember;

remember those times; remember.

Remember the day of union

Hafez · حافظ

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

ساقی به نور باده برافروز جام ما

مطرب بگو که کار جهان شد به کام ما

Saqi, kindle our cup with the light of wine;

minstrel, sing that the world's affairs have gone as we wished.

Saqi, light up our cup

Hafez · حافظ

Rubai · 11th–12th centuryDraft

در دایره ای که آمد و رفتن ماست

او را نه بدایت نه نهایت پیداست

In the circle of our coming and our going

no beginning can be seen, and no end;

The Circle of Coming and Going

Omar Khayyam · خیام

Rubai · 11th–12th centuryDraft

ابر آمد و باز بر سر سبزه گریست

بی بادهٔ گلرنگ نمی‌باید زیست

The cloud came and wept again upon the grass;

without rose-coloured wine one should not live.

The Cloud Wept on the Grass

Omar Khayyam · خیام

Masnavi · 13th centuryDraft

پیل اندر خانهٔ تاریک بود

عرضه را آورده بودندش هنود

An elephant was in a dark house;

some Hindus had brought it there to put on show.

The Elephant in the Dark

Rumi · مولانا

Rubai · 11th–12th centuryDraft

دی کوزه گری بدیدم اندر بازار

بر پاره گلی لگد همی زد بسیار

Yesterday I saw a potter in the bazaar

stamping hard, again and again, on a lump of clay,

The Potter in the Bazaar

Omar Khayyam · خیام

Masnavi · 12th–13th centuryDraft

هست وادی طلب آغاز کار

وادی عشق است از آن پس، بی کنار

The valley of Seeking is the beginning of the work;

after it comes the valley of Love, which has no shore;

The Seven Valleys

Attar · عطار

Masnavi · 12th–13th centuryDraft

آفتاب قربت از پیشان بتافت

جمله را از پرتو آن جان بتافت

The sun of nearness shone out before them,

and from its radiance the soul of each was lit.

The Thirty Birds

Attar · عطار

Rubai · 11th–12th centuryDraft

ای بس که نباشیم و جهان خواهد بود

نی نام زما و نی نشان خواهد بود

How long we shall not be, and the world will still be,

with no name of ours and no trace left behind.

The World Will Remain

Omar Khayyam · خیام

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

سال‌ها دل طلب جام جم از ما می کرد

وان چه خود داشت ز بیگانه تمنا می کرد

For years my heart begged the cup of Jamshid from me,

and what it already held, it craved from strangers.

The cup of Jamshid was within

Hafez · حافظ

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

نفس باد صبا مشک فشان خواهد شد

عالم پیر دگرباره جوان خواهد شد

The breath of the east wind will scatter musk;

the old world will grow young once more.

The old world will grow young again

Hafez · حافظ

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

واعظان کاین جلوه در محراب و منبر می کنند

چون به خلوت می روند آن کار دیگر می کنند

The preachers who make this show in the mihrab and pulpit,

when they go into private, do that other thing.

The preachers in the pulpit

Hafez · حافظ

Rubai · 11th–12th centuryDraft

این کوزه چو من عاشق زاری بوده است

در بند سر زلف نگاری بوده ست

This jug was once a wretched lover, as I am,

caught in the coils of a beloved’s curls;

This Jug Was a Lover

Omar Khayyam · خیام

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

ما بدین در نه پی حشمت و جاه آمده ایم

از بد حادثه این جا به پناه آمده ایم

We have not come to this door for pomp and rank;

we have come here for shelter from misfortune.

We have come to this door for refuge

Hafez · حافظ

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

ما ز یاران چشم یاری داشتیم

خود غلط بود آنچه ما پنداشتیم

We looked to our friends for friendship;

what we supposed was itself mistaken.

We hoped for friendship from friends

Hafez · حافظ

Ghazal · 13th centuryDraft

تنها به سیران می‌روی یا پیش مستان می‌روی

یا سوی جانان می‌روی باری خرامان می‌روی

Do you go wandering alone, or to the drunken ones?

Or do you go to the Beloved? Either way, you go with a graceful step.

Where Are You Going?

Rumi · مولانا

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

صلاح کار کجا و من خراب کجا

ببین تفاوت ره کز کجاست تا به کجا

Where is right conduct in affairs, and where am I, the ruined one?

See the distance of the road: from where to where!

Where is right conduct, and where am I?

Hafez · حافظ

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

هر آن که جانب اهل خدا نگه دارد

خداش در همه حال از بلا نگه دارد

Whoever keeps watch over the people of God,

God keeps him from misfortune in every state.

Whoever keeps faith with God's people

Hafez · حافظ

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

حسنت به اتفاق ملاحت جهان گرفت

آری به اتفاق جهان می توان گرفت

Your beauty, in concert with charm, took the world;

yes, in concert one can take the world.

Your beauty took the world

Hafez · حافظ

Masnavi · 13th centuryDraft

بشنو این نی چون شکایت می‌کند

از جدایی‌ها حکایت می‌کند

Listen to this reed, how it complains,

telling the tale of separations:

The Song of the Reed

Rumi · مولوی

Ghazal · 14th centuryDraft

الا یا ایها الساقی ادر کأسا و ناولها

که عشق آسان نمود اول ولی افتاد مشکل‌ها

Ah, O saqi, pass the cup around and hand it to me,

for love seemed easy at first, but then came the troubles.

Love Seemed Easy at First

Hafez · حافظ

Qit'a · 13th centuryDraft

بنی آدم اعضای یک پیکرند

که در آفرینش ز یک گوهرند

The children of Adam are limbs of one body,

for in creation they are of one essence.

The Children of Adam

Saadi · سعدی

Rubai · 11th–12th centuryDraft

این قافله عمر عجب می‌گذرد

دریاب دمی که با طرب می‌گذرد

This caravan of life passes strangely by;

seize the breath that passes in delight.

This Caravan of Life

Omar Khayyam · خیام

Epic · 10th–11th centuryDraft

توانا بود هر که دانا بود

ز دانش دل پیر برنا بود

Whoever has knowledge has power;

through knowledge an old heart grows young.

Whoever Knows Is Strong

Ferdowsi · فردوسی